https://termiva.app/ How the formats actually work, and what the tools do about it. en-GB https://termiva.app/guides/pdf-tools-that-dont-upload/ https://termiva.app/guides/pdf-tools-that-dont-upload/ People look for a Smallpdf or iLovePDF alternative after noticing the upload. The architectural difference, what each approach is better at, and how to test any tool yourself. https://termiva.app/guides/merge-pdf-without-uploading/ https://termiva.app/guides/merge-pdf-without-uploading/ What actually happens to a document you upload to a PDF site, how browser-based merging avoids it, and how to verify any tool’s claim in thirty seconds. https://termiva.app/guides/why-you-cant-copy-text-from-a-pdf/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-you-cant-copy-text-from-a-pdf/ Two documents look identical on screen; one holds no text at all. How to tell which you have in five seconds, and what to do about each. https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-pdf-is-so-large/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-pdf-is-so-large/ A scanner photographs every page. Where the megabytes come from, which can be recovered, and why some PDFs will not shrink at all. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-fill-in-a-pdf-form/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-fill-in-a-pdf-form/ Most PDF “forms” have no fields at all — they are pictures of forms. What to do with each of the three kinds, and how to sign one. https://termiva.app/guides/what-your-pdf-knows-about-you/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-your-pdf-knows-about-you/ Your name, your software, your machine, and sometimes the text you deleted. Where a PDF stores each of them, and what actually removes it. https://termiva.app/guides/what-your-photos-reveal/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-your-photos-reveal/ The GPS coordinates, serial numbers and timestamps hidden in every photograph you take — where they come from, who can read them, and how to remove them. https://termiva.app/guides/which-image-format-to-use/ https://termiva.app/guides/which-image-format-to-use/ One question decides it, and it is not the one people ask. What each format throws away, and the two mistakes that cost the most. https://termiva.app/guides/pixels-inches-and-dpi/ https://termiva.app/guides/pixels-inches-and-dpi/ An image has one real dimension and DPI is not it. Why “save it at 300 dpi” adds no detail, and the one calculation that does matter. https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-photo-is-sideways/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-photo-is-sideways/ The camera did not rotate the picture. It wrote a note asking someone else to, and not everyone reads it. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-make-a-favicon/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-make-a-favicon/ Four files, not forty. Which sizes still matter, why a shrunk logo never works, and the design constraint nobody mentions. https://termiva.app/guides/why-word-counts-disagree/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-word-counts-disagree/ Word, Google Docs, Twitter and your CMS all count differently — and the rules are stranger than you would expect. What each one measures, and which number to trust. https://termiva.app/guides/hidden-characters-in-text/ https://termiva.app/guides/hidden-characters-in-text/ They look like nothing and break search, sorting and code. Where zero-width and non-breaking characters come from, and how to strip them. https://termiva.app/guides/copy-text-from-pdf-without-line-breaks/ https://termiva.app/guides/copy-text-from-pdf-without-line-breaks/ Every line arrives as its own paragraph, and Word will not reflow it. Why a PDF has no paragraphs, and how to put them back correctly. https://termiva.app/guides/title-case-rules/ https://termiva.app/guides/title-case-rules/ AP, Chicago, MLA and APA each capitalise differently. What they agree on, where they split, and the two words that catch everybody. https://termiva.app/guides/em-dash-en-dash-hyphen/ https://termiva.app/guides/em-dash-en-dash-hyphen/ Three horizontal lines, three different jobs. How to type each, and why one of them became an accusation. https://termiva.app/guides/compare-two-texts/ https://termiva.app/guides/compare-two-texts/ Reading both versions yourself does not work — the eye skips. What a diff computes, and why it reports changes nobody made. https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-1tb-drive-shows-931gb/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-1tb-drive-shows-931gb/ Nobody stole your storage. Two systems of measurement share the same abbreviations, and one popular operating system labels its numbers wrong. https://termiva.app/guides/unix-timestamp-explained/ https://termiva.app/guides/unix-timestamp-explained/ A ten-digit number that is a date. Where the count starts, how to tell seconds from milliseconds, and what happens in 2038. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-convert-time-zones/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-convert-time-zones/ The abbreviations are ambiguous. Offsets are not all whole hours, clocks change on different dates, and here is what to use instead. https://termiva.app/guides/percentage-increase-decrease-change/ https://termiva.app/guides/percentage-increase-decrease-change/ Four questions share one word, and the formulas are not interchangeable. Which to use, and why a 50% rise then a 50% fall loses money. https://termiva.app/guides/days-between-two-dates/ https://termiva.app/guides/days-between-two-dates/ Whether both ends count. What a working day is, why “three months later” has no single answer, and the leap year Excel invented. https://termiva.app/guides/roman-numerals-chart-and-rules/ https://termiva.app/guides/roman-numerals-chart-and-rules/ Charts for 1–20, the tens and the hundreds. Plus the four rules, the years you will meet, and where the system stops. https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-csv-opens-as-gibberish/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-your-csv-opens-as-gibberish/ Arabic turns into أحمد, every row lands in one column, and leading zeros vanish. Three separate faults with the same cause — and the one setting that fixes each. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-remove-blank-rows-from-a-csv/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-remove-blank-rows-from-a-csv/ Four kinds of line look empty in a spreadsheet and only three of them are. Which is which, and why deleting by eye costs you a row. https://termiva.app/guides/why-do-leading-zeros-disappear-in-csv/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-do-leading-zeros-disappear-in-csv/ Postcodes, part numbers and dialling codes lose their zeros between saving and opening. The file is intact — something decided they were quantities. https://termiva.app/guides/why-does-my-csv-start-with-strange-characters/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-does-my-csv-start-with-strange-characters/ Three bytes at the front of the file that one program writes on purpose and another draws as rubbish. What they are for, and when to remove them. https://termiva.app/guides/why-does-my-csv-have-quotes-around-every-field/ https://termiva.app/guides/why-does-my-csv-have-quotes-around-every-field/ Some of those quotes are holding the row together and some are only habit. How to tell which, and what breaks if you strip them. https://termiva.app/guides/csv-has-no-standard/ https://termiva.app/guides/csv-has-no-standard/ RFC 4180 describes the format; it does not govern it. The four things nobody agrees on, and how to survive each. https://termiva.app/guides/json-vs-yaml/ https://termiva.app/guides/json-vs-yaml/ One is for machines talking to machines, one is for humans editing configuration. Plus the YAML feature that keeps surprising people. https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-utf-8/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-utf-8/ Why one encoding won. How it stays byte-identical to ASCII, and the three-byte marker that fixes Excel and breaks parsers. https://termiva.app/guides/nested-json-to-csv/ https://termiva.app/guides/nested-json-to-csv/ A tree does not fit in a rectangle. The three ways to flatten one, what each loses, and how to choose before you start. https://termiva.app/guides/markdown-to-html/ https://termiva.app/guides/markdown-to-html/ Markdown has no single specification. Which parts every converter agrees on, which are extensions, and why tables sometimes vanish. https://termiva.app/guides/how-passwords-are-actually-cracked/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-passwords-are-actually-cracked/ Not by typing guesses into a login form. What a real offline attack looks like, why length beats complexity, and why the advice you were given made things worse. https://termiva.app/guides/base64-is-not-encryption/ https://termiva.app/guides/base64-is-not-encryption/ It looks scrambled and hides nothing. How encoding differs from encryption and hashing, and where the confusion costs money. https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-a-jwt/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-a-jwt/ Three parts, two of which anyone can read. What the signature proves, what the claims mean, and why you cannot log anyone out. https://termiva.app/guides/uuid-versions/ https://termiva.app/guides/uuid-versions/ Identifiers that never collide. And the version that fixed what purely random ones do to a database index. https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-in-a-qr-code/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-is-in-a-qr-code/ Just text, and usually a URL. How a wifi code works, why a third of it can be missing, and the one that should worry you. https://termiva.app/guides/hex-rgb-hsl-oklch/ https://termiva.app/guides/hex-rgb-hsl-oklch/ Four notations for the same colours, and one of them finally matches how your eye works. Why HSL lightness lies, and what changes. https://termiva.app/guides/gradient-banding/ https://termiva.app/guides/gradient-banding/ Smooth in the design tool, banded on screen. Where the steps come from, why the grey middle is a separate fault, and four fixes. https://termiva.app/guides/html-entities/ https://termiva.app/guides/html-entities/ There are over two thousand and you need five. Which characters actually break markup, and why escaping everything is the wrong instinct. https://termiva.app/guides/aspect-ratio/ https://termiva.app/guides/aspect-ratio/ A ratio is a shape, not a size. The numbers worth knowing, the one calculation behind them, and how to stop images jumping as a page loads. https://termiva.app/guides/meta-tags-that-matter/ https://termiva.app/guides/meta-tags-that-matter/ Six tags do the work. Which ones, why titles are cut by pixels rather than characters, and why keywords have done nothing since 2009. https://termiva.app/guides/the-grey-text-problem/ https://termiva.app/guides/the-grey-text-problem/ Light grey type became the house style of the web, and it fails a measurable accessibility threshold. Where the number comes from, and the greys that actually pass. https://termiva.app/guides/what-happens-when-you-upload-a-file/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-happens-when-you-upload-a-file/ The route a document takes through an online tool, and the four places a copy of it exists. None of it careless, none of it guaranteed. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-compress-an-image/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-compress-an-image/ The quality slider is not a percentage of anything. What JPEG throws away, why 100 wastes half the file, and the step that beats it. https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-resize-an-image/ https://termiva.app/guides/how-to-resize-an-image/ Making an image smaller is safe and making it larger is not, and the reason is the same either way. What resampling does, and the sizes worth resizing to. https://termiva.app/guides/what-cropping-a-pdf-actually-does/ https://termiva.app/guides/what-cropping-a-pdf-actually-does/ A crop sets a viewing window. Everything outside it is still in the file, and one click brings it back. What to do when it genuinely has to go.